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1829 - H.S. Levert begins the first studies to determine the
suitability of implant materials, testing silver, gold, lead, and
platinum, in dogs.
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1870 - British surgeon Joseph Lister introduces aseptic surgical
techniques, which reduced infection and opened the door to all
modern surgical practices.
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1884 - Justin O. Zimmer is born, August 31, to Milton and Nancy
Zimmer on the family farm south of Warsaw, Indiana
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1886 - German doctor H. Hansmann becomes the first surgeon to use
metal plates for internal fixation.
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1890 - Surgeons at the 19th Congress of the German Society of
Surgery outline the general concepts for total joint replacement,
upon which current practices are still based.
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